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phonon scattering : ウィキペディア英語版
phonon scattering
Phonons can scatter through several mechanisms as they travel through the material. These scattering mechanisms are: Umklapp phonon-phonon scattering, phonon-impurity scattering, phonon-electron scattering, and phonon-boundary scattering. Each scattering mechanism can be characterised by a relaxation rate 1/\tau which is the inverse of the corresponding relaxation time.
All scattering processes can be taken into account using Matthiessen's rule. Then the combined relaxation time \tau_ can be written as:
:\frac = \frac+\frac+\frac+\frac, \tau_, \tau_, \tau_ are due to Umklapp scattering, mass-difference impurity scattering, boundary scattering and phonon-electron scattering, respectively.
==Phonon-phonon scattering==
For phonon-phonon scattering, effects by normal processes (processes which conserve the phonon wave vector - N processes) are ignored in favor of Umklapp processes (U processes). Since normal processes vary linearly with \omega and umklapp processes vary with \omega^2, Umklapp scattering dominates at high frequency. \tau_U is given by:
:\frac=2\gamma^2\frac\frac
where \gamma is Gruneisen anharmonicity parameter, μ is shear modulus, V0 is volume per atom and \omega_ is Debye frequency.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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